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Evaporation is a natural or synthesised process by which liquid substances transition into a gaseous state with the action of heat. The water cycle, which involves the evaporation and precipitation of water, is one of the major driving forces of the weather and global climate, and one of the best examples of evaporation.Evaporation is generally a cooling process that has several...
The halogens are the six nonmetallic, highly reactive elements under Group VIIa (column 17) of the periodic table. They’re very strong oxidising agents, which means they take electrons from other substances. They’re also very reactive and usually form salts with Group 1a, i.e. the alkali metals. The name halogen literally means salt-producing. Halogens in elemental form do not exist in...
Alkaline earth metals, which are under Group 2 (the second column) of the periodic table, are highly reactive metals, though they’re not as reactive as the alkali metals. Their high reactivity is the main reason they aren’t found in a pure or elemental form in nature. Structurally speaking, these metals have two valence electrons in their outermost energy level. Many of...
A titration experiment is the gradual adding of a known concentration of a reagent, called a titrant, to an unknown concentration of an analyte (the substance being analysed) until an endpoint is reached. Titration is one of the classic experiments in chemistry, and it’s done by most students at school. Usually, chemical indicators that change colour are used to determine the...
Many elements were discovered long before the periodicity of elements was established by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev arranged the then-known elements in tabular form and discerned a pattern. With this, he was able to predict the existence of elements that had not yet been discovered.Since ancient times, philosophers have speculated about the fundamental compositions of all substances that can...
Titration is an analytical laboratory method of determining the molar concentration of an analyte (the solution being identified). During titration, a known concentration of a reactant is prepared and gradually added to the analyte, while carefully measuring the volume, until a reaction threshold is reached.What is Titration Used For?Titration is very useful in the quantitative analysis of the molar concentration...
Acids and bases are fundamental in the study of chemistry. The reactions between the two are fast and exothermic, meaning they release heat, which makes them measurable and observable. Even without precise instruments, you can easily estimate whether a reaction has reached its saturation point.Acids and bases are polar opposites of each other, but also complementary. Therefore, their reactions are...
One of the most important applications of chemistry is storing electrical energy for prolonged periods of time. Modern technological products like laptops, mobile phones, solar power, and hybrid cars would not have been possible without the invention of batteries, which are basically electrochemical storage devices that have two electrodes and an electrolyte.In order for batteries to work, regardless of the...
Sodium hypochlorite is a liquid chlorine, and is the active ingredient in many laundry bleach products and household cleaning products. It also has several large-scale applications. For example, it’s used in agriculture to protect crops from pathogens, and it’s also used in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products. Perhaps the biggest use of this chemical is in bleaching textiles.As well...
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