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An ion is an atom that has an electric charge because it’s either lost or gained one or more of its electrons. In chemistry, positively-charged ions are called cations and negatively-charged ions are called anions. Ions can exist in solutions or on their own depending on specific conditions, such as the presence of ionising radiation or a strong electrical charge like...
As part of your GCSE chemistry studies, you’ll need to have a good understanding of salts and how they’re made. Conducting practical experiments is one of the best ways to achieve this - after all, science isn’t just about theory. Here we explain the salt-making process in more detail and provide step-by-step instructions to help you carry out your own salt...
Material safety data sheets (MSDS) and safety data sheets (SDS) are important because they alert workers and end users to the hazards posed by chemical products, thereby reducing the risk of workplace accidents and illnesses. MSDS and SDS documents provide detailed information about a chemical product’s composition and its potentially harmful effects, along with instructions on how to store, handle,...
A mole is an SI unit used mainly in chemistry for measuring large quantities of very small entities like atoms, molecules, and ions. It’s the unit equivalent of a particular fixed quantity of a substance, usually in grams. One mole is equal to Avogadro's number, which has been experimentally determined to be 6.02214076 × 1023.Calculating a mole is very useful...
To succeed in your chemistry studies, you’ll need to have a good grasp of the key concepts and principles. That’s why we’ve created this handy glossary of chemical terms used in A-level chemistry. We’re constantly adding more definitions to our chemistry glossary so be sure to visit this page regularly. And if you’re looking for more help and information, don't forget...
Brick acid is very effective at removing tough dirt, limescale, and stains from brickwork. However, if it’s not used properly, this type of acid can damage bricks and cause them to become brittle. Brick acid should never be applied to natural stone surfaces like marble and limestone because it effectively dissolves the outer layer of brickwork.Also known as muriatic acid...
Although the terms safety data sheet (SDS) and material safety data sheet (MSDS) are often used interchangeably, there’s one crucial difference between them. All SDSs follow the GHS’s standard sixteen-section format, whereas MSDS formats can vary between organisations.Despite the differences in presentation, SDSs and MSDSs both provide important information about the hazards posed by a particular chemical. This includes details...
Formaldehyde is a toxic organic compound that exists in many types of food. Fruit and vegetables such as apples, bananas, carrots and spinach all contain formaldehyde. It’s also found in beef, poultry, fish, and coffee beans.Although it’s illegal for manufacturers to use formaldehyde as a food additive, the substance is produced naturally in some foods as a byproduct of metabolic...
Although they may look complicated, safety data sheets (SDS) are actually quite straightforward to read because they're divided into different sections. However, you may need some basic chemistry knowledge to understand some of the more technical information they contain.Safety data sheets - also known as material safety data sheets (MSDS) or product safety data sheets - are included in the...
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